Revista Organizações em Contexto (ROC) - Diretoria de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação - Universidade Metodista de São Paulo - UMESP.
ISSN Versão Eletrônica 1982-8756
ISSN Versão Impressa 1809-1040 (2005-2008)
Este obra está licenciado com uma Licença Creative Commons Atribuição-NãoComercial 4.0 Internacional.
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Tonsillitis or tonsillitis, is also called angina, a word that comes from the Latin angere, which means to squeeze or strangle. The term angina expressed a sensation of pharyngeal constriction that can be observed in any inflammation at this level. According to the American Academy of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, tonsillitis is an acute inflammation of viral or bacterial origin of the tonsils or pharyngeal mucosa.
Classification of Tonsillitis
The classification of tonsillitis takes into account the appearance of the oropharynx on physical examination, regardless of whether the etiology is viral or bacterial. Erythematous (reddish) and erythematous (reddish with white patches) tonsillitis (which account for about 90% of gross forms of tonsillitis), pseudomembranous, and ulcerative or ulceronecrotic are distinguished. Likewise, erythematous tonsillitis can be acute, recurrent and chronic, and the pseudomenbranous one that has no subdivision.
Acute tonsillitis
The tonsillitis viral constitute 50-90% of tonsillitis. There are numerous viruses involved, notably Epstein-Barr virus, herpes simplex, influenza, parainfluenza, Coxsackie, and adenovirus. The tonsillitis bacterial constitute 10-50% of tonsillitis, among bacteria, the main is Streptococcus pyogenes or Streptococcus hemolytic of group A.
It is transmitted by the respiratory route, through droplets of saliva expelled by coughing, sneezing or talking, from infected people. There is also transmission through contamination of food or water; on the contrary, fomites (contaminated objects) do not play an important role as a source of contagion.
Recurrent tonsillitis
It is characterized by repetitive episodes of tonsillitis, when the number of episodes is greater than 7 per year in one year, 5 per year in two years and three per year in three years. It is more common in children.
Chronic tonsillitis
The tonsillitis chronic are more frequent in adults, while recurrent tonsillitis are more common in children. It is a disease characterized by persistent infection of the tonsils, there are cases of very intense and repeated infections with serious systemic repercussions.
The duration period varies, there are transitory cases, decreasing the number of episodes and the intensity of the episodes over time, disappearing after a few years, while others last a lifetime.
Pseudomembranous tonsillitis
They can be caused by infectious mononucleosis and diphtheria.
Infectious mononucleosis tonsillitis is related to a primary infection by EBV (herpes group virus) that generates intense lymphocytic stimulation, leading to hypertrophy of lymphoid tissues.
In most cases, it affects adolescents and young adults. It is spread by air. While diphtheria tonsillitis is caused by a Corynebacterium diphtheriae poisoning and is rare in developed countries, but it is a re-emerging disease in the world.
Ulcerative and necrotic tonsillitis
When they are bilateral, hemorrhagic, often with associated gingivitis, a malignant hemopathy or agranulocytosis should be suspected. When it is unilateral, they mainly orient towards Vincent's tonsillitis. The other two conditions to be suspected are syphilitic chancre and tonsil cancer.
Symptoms of tonsillitis
The symptoms of tonsillitis classified in their different types of conditions and symptoms.
Acute tonsillitis
The symptoms of tonsillitis consist of the variable association of: fever, pharyngeal pain (constrictive or burn-type), reflex earache, and pain when swallowing. There may also be symptoms such as:
Recurrent tonsillitis
It has the same symptoms as acute tonsillitis, only with repetitive episodes.
Chronic tonsillitis
It is said that it has an established profile: obstruction of the upper airways, enlargement of the tonsils and recurrent infections. In addition, the following signs and symptoms occur:
Pseudomembranous tonsillitis
By mononucllosis.
By diphtheria.
Ulcerative and necrotic tonsillitis
Vincent's angina:
Syphilitic tonsillitis:
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